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Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Dubai -- on the skyline height, there is little city in the world can match with Dubai (Dubai). The port city, which was once forgotten, was built on the sand, and spent many years with the desert and the desert of Arabia (Arabian). Today, Dubai has built a high-rise building, to prove that they are also a fertile ground for a variety of skyscrapers".
The people of Dubai seem to have an obsession with the Las Vegas desert miracle, and they are crazy about the pursuit of height. As a result, a number of high-rise buildings, as if someone cast magic. As the tallest building in the world, Harry Khalifa (The Burj Khalifa, 828 meters high, translator's note) is the height of the The Empire State Building in New York (Empire State Building, 443 meters high, about two times the translator's note).
In the park, other buildings Zha bier "looking up", will be built up in Dubai door. Picture copyright: New York Times
Today, a new landmark building will appear in Dubai - is expected to open this year in the (Dubai Frame). The shape of the building is like a door, meaning also represents a door. The Dubai gate is made up of two parallel towers, and the top of the tower is the viewing platform, which connects the two towers. Through the building, you can witness the development history of Dubai: Dubai through the door, you can see the Dubai Creek (Dubai Creek) on both sides of the old community lifeless in drab buildings, and can be a sight farther south, enjoy stretches to the Persian Gulf (Persian Gulf) the skyscraper full of vigour. In short, Dubai is a symbol of Dubai's ambitions.
However, the building may also be a "fake"".
Fernando Donis (Fernando Donis) was born in Mexico, Dubai, the door is precisely the shape of his initial design inspired by the. In December last year, he filed a lawsuit in the United States federal court, accusing the authorities of Dubai violated their intellectual property rights. Nine years ago, Dubai held an international design competition, requiring designers to submit the design of the building in Dubai. How nice the more than and 900 contestants won the championship in talent shows itself. In the lawsuit documents, nice said he did not participate in the construction of the post Dubai door, the Dubai government did not because of the use of his intellectual property rights and give him any compensation or compensation.
"I was shocked," said ennis. I designed the Dubai gate, but the Dubai government didn't want to admit it. This kind of tort not only brings me loss. It is a violation of the common value of all architects - the protection of our design concept. "
Dubai has been hoping to become the international business center, Dubai has become the highlight of this door ambition "monument". Now the Dubai gate erected, showing the UAE oil countries build up the family fortunes strength.
Officials in Dubai have regularly enacted laws that are conducive to their own interests, limiting and influencing the city's commercial development. To this end, the rule of the Al Maktoum family (al-Maktoum family) has insisted to reform, the goal is to replace the rule of law in Dubai, thereby promoting the development of the business sector. But Dubai's entrenched bureaucracy has made it easy for outsiders to be bullied and abused. From the construction of the blueprint for the construction of professional architects to lay the foundation of the construction workers themselves, everyone may encounter injustice.
Both architects and builders, the purpose of their visit to Dubai is similar to Dubai as a springboard to seize the opportunity to make money. Professional and technical personnel to Dubai to yangmingliwan, foreign workers (from the world's poorest countries, such as Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Philippines) is hoping to use wages to support the whole family in my hometown.
Similarly, professionals and foreign workers face a similar fate. In the eyes of Dubai's bureaucracy, kinship is more important than the terms of the contract. Therefore, professionals are vulnerable to deception, but also can not get a fair compensation. Foreign workers are often lured by the notorious recruitment agencies, lured by exaggerated high wages.
Full of anger and injustice, professional and technical personnel and several other Daunis from other countries came together. These foreign professionals also suffered unfair treatment in Dubai. They say that Dubai has implemented a system of rule by man, which has tarnished the dignity and authority of the law.
In 2009, investors from the United States, Britain, Russia and other countries said they had been deceived by Al Fajer Properties. Al Fajer Properties is a developer, founder of a family from the Al Maktoum family chiefs. Oye (Moses) from the UK, said Moses Oye, developers in the use of investment in the use of tampering and forgery of pictures to defraud them a total of $140 million of funds. Developers have said that this is a high-rise apartment buildings in the area, has completed the construction work. However, the reality is that the apartment building had not started. Who also said, they asked the Dubai government to solve this problem to carry out the investigation, however, the government of Dubai has not yet taken any action.
Who said: "the rulers of Dubai set up an independent government agency, business practices and use these institutions to the management and supervision of real estate developers. Developers of the black box operation violated the rights of our investors, but the government has become a developer umbrella. What can you do then? "
Al Fajer Properties spokesman denied the existence of fraud. He also said investors should target local sales agencies to recover their losses.
Picture copyright: New York Times
Jie Beller Ali (the Palm Jebel Ali) is a kind of artificial islands shaped like palm trees. Dubai government plans to build a number of villas on the island, a water park and six cruise terminal. Two years ago, dozens of investment in Jay Beller Ali The Palm islands investors took the extraordinary step to the ruler of Dubai Sheikh Mohamed Ben Rashid Al Maktoum wrote. In the letter, they expressed the hope that the government of Dubai will be able to clearly inform their holdings of assets in the future what will happen.
These investors to participate in the project belongs to the Nakheel group. Nakheel group is a company founded by a chief, now a state-owned enterprise. It is reported that the chief has played an important role in the Al Maktoum family consultant. 2002, Nakheel group began to lead the construction of The Palm islands Beller Jie jie. 2008 global financial crisis, real estate prices plummeted. So Nakheel suspended the construction work, and seized about half of the value of the Island villa investment deposit.
Nakheel said the group will begin to return the deposit in 2011, but investors but because the construction project cannot be completed on schedule and complain incessantly. Nakheel group insists that they have a long-term plan for the construction of the Beller The Palm islands project".
A spokesman for the Nakheel group did not respond to any of these questions.
For foreign workers working in Dubai, abuse and bullying are common.
A recent afternoon, a group of workers from the nearby prayers at the mosque after a return to the hostel. They complain that they have received less than they deserve. Recruitment agencies arrange jobs for foreign workers, and most workers owe them a lot of money. Workers said that the recruitment agencies usually seized their passports as collateral.
When things appear problem, foreign workers often find their dilemma -- they can't change jobs, there is no way back. Ramesh (S. Ramesh) on the encounter such a thing. Last summer, he came to Dubai from India. He wanted to earn money to support his family, but now he is worried that he may never see his family again. One recent morning, he was standing in front of the door of the building in Dubai, asking for help.
Arabia United Arab Emirates (The United Arab Emirates, referred to as the United Arab Emirates) is composed of a number of Emirates, Dubai is one of them. In order to solve the plight of foreign workers, the United Arab Emirates has put forward reform measures in the economic field. They proposed to further strengthen the status and role of the contract law, while protecting the interests of minority shareholders. The United Arab Emirates has allowed foreign workers to change jobs, and has banned recruitment company from cutting wages.
The legal conception of the world is always beautiful, but the reality is skinny. Dubai's economic control in the hands of developers, the developers and the government's right hand. In addition, the developers also have a variety of contacts with the Al Maktoum family.
Christopher Davidson (Durham M.) in northern England (Christopher University) is a political science scholar, but also to study the issue of experts in the United Arab Emirates, (Davidson). He said: "the rulers really want to reform, they also recognize the importance of the rule of law. Only by adhering to the rule of law can we continue to attract foreign investment and foreign tourists. But in reality, there are always a lot of executives who actually implement the policy. These people love 'cut', the work and the opportunity to give priority to their friends and family members. In addition, these people also accept bribes. This is a problem that has plagued Dubai for many years. "
In the proceedings, he asked the government of Dubai to compensate for his losses (the figures are not released). At the same time, he also asked the court ruled that the Dubai government violated his intellectual property rights.
Edward Kralis (Edward Klaris) is a lawyer in New York, he is the agent of Daunis case (it is, and the author of Clarice Robin Pogrebin [Robin Pogrebin] is the relationship between husband and wife). He said the government of Dubai, the design of the Dubai door for himself, but did not pay for the architect, but also deprived the architect of the opportunity to become famous. This violation of international intellectual property rights is amazing and excessive. It is pathetic to bully an architect in the name of a sovereign government. We should correct the wrong behavior. "
The Dubai government has not responded to this. Just as they ignored the New York Times interview with Adonis, the Dubai government ignored his demands. At the same time, the Dubai government also said the nice earlier got a $100 thousand prize contest. Dubai officials said that the lack of a good place to participate in the latter part of the construction of Dubai local license.
Architects have accused many places of stealing their designs, and Dubai is just one of them. In China, any valuable things are vulnerable to the impact and impact of counterfeit imitation. In recent years, China has begun to appear in a large number of foreign landmarks of the replica, from Eiffel Tower to Tower Bridge of London, can be described as everything. Last year, the famous British architect Zaha Hadid (Zaha Hadid) in Beijing, Wangjing SOHO designed a modern building. However, in the southwestern city of Chongqing, it was openly copied the famous building.
Northwestern University (Northwestern University) Kellogg School of management (Kellogg School of Management) the history of intellectual property expert James Conley (James Conley) said: "until recent years, people began to pay attention to the construction of intellectual property protection. In authoritarian countries, people treat their intellectual property rights according to their own ideas, rather than protect them according to law. "
Harry Fatah in Dubai is the tallest building in the world. It is about two times the height of The Empire State Building in New York. Picture copyright: New York Times
Great changes have taken place in Dubai since the 60s of last century. In those days, Dubai, known as the smuggler's paradise, had only forty thousand residents, and the city had little power. In recent decades, Dubai has developed into a modern metropolis and international transportation hub with a population of 2 million 700 thousand. At the same time, Dubai is the economic center of the region and the world's leading tourist destination.
However, under the cover of modern appearance, a lot of things still retain the original appearance of the year.
Bayer Dubai (Bur Dubai) is one of the oldest districts in Dubai. Here, young people are on the edge of the market, selling cheap Rolex watches, replica Gucci online backpacks, and Luis Weedon bags to shoppers in the market. One of them shouted, "it's a real genius! "Three miles (Za 'Abeel Park zabeel Park), a large number of workers are decorated with gold by the nice design of Dubai outside wall.
"The Dubai government just wants the design, but I don't want to admit it," he said. "
The road to Dubai
Viewing from the viewing platform on the Dubai gate, Dubai should be full of sparkling modern atmosphere. However, in the mist, you can still see many of the concrete brick built shed. These inside the shed like honeycomb is usually crowded with a closet size room, there lived a large number of foreign workers.
Behind the rapid development of Dubai, there is a modest force. According to data from the United Nations, there are about eight million foreign workers living in the United Arab emirates. In this way, foreign workers account for about 84% of the total population of the United Arab emirates. This figure set a world record.
Many buildings in Dubai define the city. Like these gleaming buildings, the Dubai gate was built by a large number of foreign workers.
31 year old Kastle Sokol (Kauser Sorker) is a worker from bangladesh. He participated in the construction of the Dubai gate, mainly engaged in scaffolding work. Sokol's monthly salary is 850 dirhams ($231). The money is not enough, but enough to save him to send home to support his wife and four year old daughter. But if you want to change the future pointing to this wage is tell some fantastic tales of life. He said: the company in accordance with the original commitment paid in full, but the money is not much. "
Recently he went home to visit his relatives, but his daughter treated him like a stranger. In Dubai, loneliness and loneliness are always around. He said: "I always miss my family. "
However, the construction workers in Dubai have been relatively lucky. Sokol is the Al Quoz industrial zone outside the shed. Here, Ramesh stands on the broken pavement, begging the passers-by to help themselves.
Ramesh's home in the India suburb of Hyderabad (Hyderabad). He, his wife and two children live on okra, corn, and tomatoes, earning less than $2000 a year.
Last June, the monsoon rains failed to end. Therefore, all his crops were dying agrocybe. They came to a Hindu temple, the priests to pray to the gods bless. Later, a labor agency told him to come to Dubai to work in construction, and to ensure that more than 500 U.S. dollars a month wages.
As a reward for arranging his work, he has to pay the same amount of salary for the first two months to the intermediary structure. The money includes helping him sign a labor contract, arrange travel and visa fees. In order to save his wife sold at a wedding jewelry.
After arriving in Dubai, the intermediary would take him to a low shed. And in the street outside the door, the sewage exudes disgusting smell.
The second day in the morning, the agency took him to a high-rise building. Only then did he realize that he was not a builder, but a cleaner. From five in the morning until about seven in the evening, Ramesh has been vacuuming, dusting and scrubbing. According to him, only in the middle of the lunch to enjoy fifteen minutes of rest time. After work, he had to go back to the barracks against high temperature in Arabia unbearable way. On his way back, he passed an indoor ski resort, which was made of snow.
To Dubai four months later, Ramesh still did not get a penny wages. Intermediary structure told him that the visa for him to spend much higher than expected.
In order to be able to use his cell phone to call his wife in India, Ramesh had to clean the room for the workers. His wife kept crying on the phone and told him to come home early.
Workers are decorating the Burj Dubai in the construction of gold foil. Picture copyright: New York Times
But the agency seized his passport and refused to return the intermediary fees he had paid. As a result, he would have no money to buy a return ticket.
Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch) the Middle East and North Africa Department is an advocate of labor rights organization, they have been responsible for the records of Dubai near Abu Dhabi (part of Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates) foreign labor abuse and bullying situation. Sarah Leah Whitson, director of the Department (Sarah Leah Whitson) said: "a group of people dedicated to entrap foreign workers, taking their money. "
Standing on the Dubai gate, designed by Adonis, you will find that the tragic events like Ramesh happen every day. At the same time, the city of Dubai, a futuristic style of high-rise buildings, glass and steel structure also exudes dazzling light.
Ramesh did not participate in the construction of the Dubai gate.
He said, "this is my destiny. Now I am in a dilemma. "
Landmarks in the maelstrom of controversy
For Adonis, Dubai should have been the perfect stage for his solo debut.
For eight years, he has been working with the glittering star Rem Koolhaas (Rem Koolhaas). During this period, he participated in the design of Beijing CCTV headquarters building. This is a shape with a strange angle of the building, its design in the world by a piece of praise. In addition, he has also designed a new airport in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Jedda), but the building eventually failed to enter the construction phase. Similarly, he designed an office building in Dubai has not been completed.
In 2008, the Dubai gate design competition attracted a large number of designers involved. The competition requires contestants to submit outstanding design excellence. "The Dubai goalkeeper is a symbolic building that represents the new look of Dubai," said the contest. Dubai government set goals, hoping to attract two million visitors every year to visit Dubai.
This design contest by Thyssen Krupp elevator company of German genius in the field of industrial design (ThyssenKrupp Elevator) is used as the judges, the International Association of Architects (International Union of Architects) the general rules. It is reported that the International Association of architects is an organization under the UNESCO, specifically for the architects to develop code of conduct. In the past similar design competition has been born, such as the Sydney Opera House and Paris, Australia, such as the Ponpidou center genius design.
The 44 year old, who had been in Dubai for a long time, was deeply shocked by the city's dramatic change. He said: "it is inconceivable that a city can develop from nothing to this scene in such a short period of time. "
Unlike Abu, the oil-rich emirate of Dubai, there is not much of this precious resource. So the city's leaders turned their attention away from oil and turned to infrastructure. As a result, Dubai has slowly become a shipbuilding center and international cargo port. Then they turned Dubai into one of the world's busiest international airports, making it a gateway to Asia, Europe and North america.
A wave of real estate development has created a kingdom of luxury high-rise apartments and resorts for pleasure. Now you can sit in the Seven Stars Hotel restaurant in front of the window, the Jimuyuantiao, then slowly taste the dish and truffle roe sauce. Outside the window, the Riviera Resort & Spa on The Palm islands is very exciting.
"I'm very picky about architecture," he told us. I always feel that people can do better, more perfect. "
In the design competition of the Dubai gate, many nice presents a slender and simple frame structure. As early as the graduate study stage, he once proposed this kind of idea. Then the Dubai government announced that he had won the tournament and received him from Dubai. In the Raffles Hotel (Raffles Hotel), the local government held a celebration dinner for him. During the meeting, many nice to show the design and planning of the UAE crown prince himself.
According to the rules of the contest, he enjoys all the legal rights of his design: "the first draft winner can retain all intellectual property rights. Only after signing the contract, the Dubai government can use his design. "
In June 2009, the government of Dubai and the United States began negotiations on the transfer of intellectual property contracts. From the "" (The Times) in the hands of hundreds of pages thick bilateral communications documents, more than a dozen officials expressed the intention to force more than nice to hand over his design.
Architect Fernando Donis was born in Mexico. Inspired by his design, people built the Dubai gate. Picture copyright: New York Times
For the cost problem, the Dubai government has been bargaining. According to time magazine, the Dubai government also threatened to hand over the design and construction of the Dubai gate to a local company. Nice repeatedly to reduce the cost of the requirements, but in their most cherished design copyright issues do not compromise.
However, the government of Dubai insisted on getting the design copyright. They cited rules that architects working in Dubai should sign up for a local office. This also means that more than a nice door in Dubai can only serve as consultants.
Rokosi Binno (Roxy Binno) served in the Dubai authorities urban design and planning department. In May 2011, more than a nice received an e-mail from him, the contents of the panic. In this message, the conceptual design in the hands of Chengduo beno nice intellectual property can only protect his submission "(conceptual design), however, the government of Dubai has now" with this project". Between the lines, beno sends a message to Daunis: the government of Dubai has the right to sign a contract with the premise of not more than nice under construction of the Dubai gate.
How many nice to beno sent mail, also tried to contact him by telephone. But beno did not respond.
Under no circumstances, how to decide the matter will appeal to the law. He first asked Thyssen Krupp for help. He then filed a complaint with the International Institute of architects, and sent a copy of the e-mail to the association is responsible for the design of the competition department director Tomasz Kansel (Tomaz Kancler).
In Tomasz's reply to the New York Times, he said he and the International Association of architects have ordered the Dubai office to deal with the problem of fairness in the treatment of adonis.
Tomasz wrote: we found that the actual behavior of the government of Dubai violated the relevant provisions of the competition. "
Under pressure, the government of Dubai decided to invite nice to visit Dubai. He recalled that Dubai officials had promised him that he would soon sign a contract that would allow him to retain the copyright of the design.
But when the contract appeared in front of nice, he found that he could only get a consultant title. And he still needs to hand over his own copyright. In addition, the United States may not be good publicity their design, the government of Dubai enjoy the right to terminate the contract at any time.
"This contract is not the same," he said. "
He tried to negotiate with the government of Dubai, but local officials ignored him. At the same time, the construction of Dubai door quietly opened.
In October 2012, Ramon Sotomayor (Ram n Sotomayor) CEO or Thyssen Krupp elevator company is responsible for the business in Europe, Africa and the middle east. He gave many nice email things said nice complaint is "commercial disputes". "Time magazine" scanned the mail and found that Sotomayor said Thyssen Krupp would not interfere".
In the end, the company will be more than Thyssen Krupp listed as a joint defendant. A spokesman for the company said the lawsuit had "no basis" because their company did not play any role in deciding whether or not to grant the architect a contract to build the Dubai gate". He added: "we will defend our reputation and rights in court. "
In late 2013, nice to see some photos of the Dubai gate. Photos show that the government of Dubai will be built into a Dubai door frame like, but also decorated with gold foil. This shocked many nice. Compared to his original simple design concept, now Dubai door can be said to be different.
He decided to write to the mayor of Dubai for the last time. In the letter he said: "I'm going to say no disrespect, but with great respect, if you really want to follow the picture shows that the transformation of the building, then the Dubai goalkeeper will never become a masterpiece of architectural history. "
Today, more than 4000 miles away from Dubai, Holland (Rotterdam) work. He was just able to see his own design in the news of the site.
"Overall, Dubai is a door design of the exquisite beyond compare. But the Dubai government stole it from me. "
Iced tea
Figure World Wikimedia Commons from Flickr@Leandro's Tour.
2017 THE NEW YORK TIMES.
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